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- Government
-
- Long-form name: Republic of India.
-
- Type: federal republic.
-
- Capital: New Delhi.
-
- Administrative divisions: 24 states and 7 union territories*;
- Andaman and Nicobar Islands*, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal
- Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh*, Dadra and Nagar Haveli*,
- Delhi*, Goa and Daman and Diu*, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal
- Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep*,
- Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram,
- Nagaland, Orissa, Pondicherry*, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim,
- Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal; note--Goa
- may have become a state with Daman and Diu remaining a union
- territory.
-
- Independence: 15 August 1947 (from UK).
-
- Constitution: 26 January 1950.
-
- Legal system: based on English common law; limited judicial
- review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction,
- with reservations.
-
- National holiday: Anniversary of the Proclamation of the
- Republic, 26 January (1950).
-
- Executive branch: president, vice president, prime minister,
- Council of Ministers.
-
- Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament (Sansad) consists
- of an upper house or Government Assembly (Rajya Sabha) and
- a lower house or People's Assembly (Lok Sabha).
-
- Judicial branch: Supreme Court.
-
- Leaders:
-
- Chief of State--President Ramaswamy Iyer VENKATARAMAN (since
- 25 July 1987); Vice President Dr. Shankar Dayal SHARMA
- (since 3 September 1987);
-
- Head of Government--Prime Minister Vishwanath Pratap SINGH
- (since 2 December 1989).
-
- Political parties and leaders: Janata Dal Party, Prime Minister
- V. P. Singh; Congress (I) Party, Rajiv Gandhi; Bharatiya
- Janata Party, L. K. Advani; Communist Party of India (CPI),
- C. Rajeswara Rao; Communist Party of India/Marxist (CPI/M),
- E. M. S. Namboodiripad; Communist Party of India/Marxist-Leninist
- (CPI/ML), Satyanarayan Singh; All-India Anna Dravida Munnetra
- Kazagham (AIADMK), a regional party in Tamil Nadu, Jayalalitha;
- Dravida Munnetra Kazagham, M. Karunanidhi; Akali Dal factions
- representing Sikh religious community in the Punjab; Telugu
- Desam, a regional party in Andhra Pradesh, N. T. Rama Rao;
- National Conference (NC), a regional party in Jammu and
- Kashmir, Farooq Abdullah; Asom Gana Parishad, a regional
- party in Assam, Prafulla Mahanta.
-
- Suffrage: universal at age 18.
-
- Elections: People's Assembly--last held 22, 24, 26 November
- 1989 (next to be held by November 1994, subject to postponement);
- results--percent of vote by party NA; seats--(544 total),
- 525 elected--Congress (I) Party 193, Janata Dal Party 141,
- Bharatiya Janata Party 86, Communist Party of India (Marxist)
- 32, independents 18, Communist Party of India 12, AIADMK
- 11, Akali Dal 6, Shiv Sena 4, RSP 4, Forward Bloc 3, BSP
- 3, Telugu Desam 2, Congress (S) Party 1, others 9.
-
- Communists: 466,000 members claimed by CPI, 361,000 members
- claimed by CPI/M; Communist extremist groups, about 15,000
- members.
-
- Other political or pressure groups: various separatist groups
- seeking greater communal autonomy; numerous senas or
- militant/chauvinistic organizations, including Shiv Sena (in
- Bombay), Anand Marg, and Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh.
-
- Member of: ADB, AIOEC, ANRPC, CCC, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth,
- ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA,
- IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, ILZSG, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL,
- IPU, IRC, ITC, ITU, IWC--International Wheat Council, NAM,
- SAARC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO.
-
- Diplomatic representation: Ambassador-designate Abid HUSSEIN;
- Chancery at 2107 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC
- 20008; telephone (202) 939-7000; there are Indian Consulates
- General in Chicago, New York, and San Francisco; US--Ambassador
- William CLARK; Embassy at Shanti Path, Chanakyapuri 110021,
- New Delhi; telephone [91] (11) 600651; there are US Consulates
- General in Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras.
-
- Flag: three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white,
- and green with a blue chakra (24-spoked wheel) centered
- in the white band; similar to the flag of Niger which has
- a small orange disk centered in the white band.
-